What is particulate matter?
Particulate matter is made up of microscopic solids or liquid droplets in the air – things like smoke, dust, dirt, and soot. When the particles are smaller than 2.5 micrometers, it is called PM2.5. These tiny particles are normally invisible, but we can see them when particle pollution levels are high (think smog). Recent wildfires have significantly impacted PM2.5 levels, contributing to noticeable particle pollution across the country.
Where does PM2.5 pollution come from?
Many things in our day-to-day lives contribute to PM2.5 pollution, and they can be categorized as primary or secondary sources.
A primary source of particulate matter causes pollution on its own, like diesel-powered vehicles or fireplaces. One of the most prevalent primary sources right now is smoke from wildfires which has had the biggest effect on Central Indiana in the last few years.
A secondary source lets off gas that can form particles through complex chemical reactions. The reactions in the atmosphere create the particles that cause pollution. Secondary sources include things like power plants and coal fires, which are less impacted by the actions we take day-to-day.
Why is it harmful?
Breathing in particulate matter can be harmful to your health because the particles get into the deeper parts of your lungs and, in certain cases, enter your bloodstream. Those with pre-existing heart or lung conditions, older adults, and children are most at risk.
Potential health effects include respiratory symptoms, eye and throat irritation, difficulty breathing, lung cancer, birth-related issues (e.g., low birth weight), worsened heart disease symptoms, and heart attacks.
Steps you can take to limit your exposure to PM2.5:
- Spend more time indoors where particle pollution levels are generally lower.
- Opt for less strenuous outdoor activities, such as walking instead of running.
- Steer clear of congested roads where emissions and PM2.5 levels are higher.
Find more ways to do your part to prevent particulate matter and to take steps toward cleaner air. When levels of PM2.5 in the air reach an unhealthy point, a PM2.5 Action Day will be initiated. Learn more about why we call action days and what you can do to stay safe and take action for your community.
